Hormones act as intercellular messengers, and they vary in chemical nature. Examples include steroids (estrogens, androgens), polypeptides (insulin, endorphins), and amino acid derivatives (epinephrine, norepinephrine). Hormones help maintain biological balance, as seen in insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels.
Share
The relationship between DNA and protein synthesis is vital for cellular function. During transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA), carrying genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosomes. In protein synthesis (translation), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) facilitate the decoding of mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain. This process follows the information encoded in the DNA sequence. DNA’s role as the genetic blueprint ensures the accurate transmission of instructions for protein synthesis, influencing cellular structure, function, and the expression of traits in living organisms.