Describe the main features of the Permanent Settlement.

1. Fixed Land Revenue: Set a permanent land revenue payment to the British government, unaltered by changes in agricultural productivity.

2. Role of Zamindars: Appointed Zamindars as intermediaries between peasants and the government, responsible for revenue collection from peasants and payment to the British authorities.

3. Hereditary Rights: Zamindars received hereditary rights over the land, ensuring their position as revenue collectors.

4. Impact on Peasants: Peasants faced challenges, enduring high taxation and exploitative practices, impacting their economic condition.

5. Lack of Revenue Adjustment: The system lacked flexibility, without provisions for revenue adjustments based on crop yield or agricultural changes.

6. Agricultural Stagnation: Discouraged investment in land improvement or modernization by Zamindars, impeding agricultural growth.

7. Geographical Application: Initially implemented in Bengal, later extended to Bihar, Odisha, and Varanasi.

The Permanent Settlement significantly influenced land tenure systems, impacting socio-economic conditions in the regions where it was applied.