Describe major controls of the climate of any place.

There are six major controls of the climate of any place viz., latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features.
(i) Latitude: Due to the curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received differs according to latitude. Thus, air temperature decreases from the equator towards the poles.
(ii) Altitude: At the higher altitude, the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases. The hills are, therefore, cooler during summers.
(iii) Pressure and wind system: It depends on the latitude and altitude of the place. Thus, it too influences the temperature and rainfall pattern.
(iv) Distance from sea: Sea has its moderating influence on climate. As such when the distance from the sea increases, people experience extreme weather conditions.
(v) Ocean currents: These currents affect the climate of the coastal areas because any coastal area with warm or cold currant will be warmed currant if the winds are onshore.
(vi) Relief: Relief too affects the climate of a place. For example, high mountains act as barriers for cold and hot winds. They may cause precipitation if they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearing winds. The leeward side of mountains remains dry.