Reduction involves the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen by a substance during a chemical reaction. This leads to a decrease in the oxidation state of the substance.
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Reduction, in the context of chemical reactions, involves the gain of electrons, a decrease in oxidation state, or the addition of hydrogen atoms. It is the opposite process of oxidation and often occurs simultaneously with it in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The substance undergoing reduction is termed the oxidizing agent, as it facilitates the reduction of another substance by accepting electrons. Reduction reactions play a crucial role in various biological and chemical processes, such as cellular respiration, where electrons are transferred between molecules to release energy. Overall, reduction reactions contribute to the dynamic balance of electron exchange in chemical systems.