NCERT Solution for Class Tenth Science Chapter 2
Acids, Bases and Salts
Exercises Questions
Page No-18
Questions No-6
Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an Activity to prove it.
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To demonstrate that compounds such as alcohols and glucose, which contain hydrogen, are not categorized as acids, you can perform a simple activity involving the testing of their acidic or basic properties. Here’s an activity using litmus paper to prove this point:
Materials Needed:
Litmus paper (both red and blue)
Solutions of different substances: vinegar (acetic acid), a sugar solution (e.g., glucose dissolved in water), and a solution of an alcohol (e.g., ethanol or isopropanol).
Containers for the solutions
Droppers or pipettes
Procedure:
Prepare the solutions: In separate containers, prepare solutions of vinegar, sugar, and alcohol. Dilute them with water if necessary.
Label the containers: Label each container clearly so that you can identify which solution is which.
Test with litmus paper:
a. For the vinegar (acetic acid) solution:
Dip a piece of blue litmus paper into the vinegar solution.
Observe any color changes. Blue litmus paper turning red indicates acidity.
b. For the sugar solution (glucose):
Dip a piece of blue litmus paper into the sugar solution.
Observe any color changes. It should remain blue, indicating neutrality.
c. For the alcohol solution (ethanol or isopropanol):
Dip a piece of blue litmus paper into the alcohol solution.
Observe any color changes. It should also remain blue, indicating neutrality.
Further testing (optional):
To confirm that the alcohol is not acidic, you can also dip a piece of red litmus paper into the alcohol solution. If it remains red (indicating no change), it further supports the fact that alcohol is not acidic.
Observations:
The litmus paper dipped into the vinegar (acetic acid) solution turns red, confirming its acidity.
The litmus paper dipped into the sugar (glucose) solution remains blue, indicating neutrality.
The litmus paper dipped into the alcohol solution also remains blue, indicating neutrality.
Conclusion:
This activity demonstrates that compounds like glucose and alcohols, even though they contain hydrogen, are not categorized as acids. The litmus paper remains blue when in contact with these substances, indicating their neutral or non-acidic nature. In contrast, an acidic solution, such as vinegar, turns blue litmus paper red, signifying its acidity.
Because glucose and alcohol do not dissociate into ions. Therefore these solution are not considered as acid –
Experimental verification :
Procedure : Two nails are fitted in a cork and they are kept in a 100 ml beaker. Then the nails are connected to the two terminals of the battery of 6 volt along with a bulb and a switch. Now some dilute HCl is added in the beaker and allows the current to pass through the circuit. The same experiment is carried out with glucose and alcohol solutions separately in place of HCl.
Observations :
The bulb glows only in HCl solution only. Because HCl solution dissociates into H+ and Cl– ions which conduct electricity whereas glucose and alcohol solutions do not dissociate into ions and so, these solutions do not conduct electricity. So the bulb doesn’t glow.
Interpretation :
Activity above hereby proved that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds that contain hydrogen are acids. Therefore compounds such as alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, and are not categorised as acids.
Two nails are fitted on a cork and are kept it in a 100 mL beaker. The nails are then connected to the two terminals of a 6-volt battery through a bulb and a switch. Some dilute HCl is poured in the beaker and the current is switched on. The same experiment is then performed with glucose solution and alcohol solution.
Observations
It will be observed that the bulb g lows in the HCl solution and does not g low in the glucose solution.
Result
HCl dissociates into H+ and Cl− ions. These ions conduct electricity in the solution resulting in the glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose solution does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.
Conclusion
From this activity, it can be concluded that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds containing hydrogen are acids. That is why, though alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, they are not categorised as acids.
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