NCERT Important Questions Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 3
Important NCERT Extra Questions
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science
Important NCERT Extra Questions
Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
NCERT Book Extra Questions for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board Others state Board
Answer the following questions briefly: (i) What do you understand by human poverty? (ii) Who are the Poorest of the Poor? (iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2O05?
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(i) Human poverty: The official definition of poverty is about a “minimum” subsistence level of living rather, than a “reasonable” level of living. Many scholars advocate that we must broaden the concept into human poverty which includes not only minimum subsistence level of living but also education, shelter, health care, job security, self-confidence, caste and gender equality. With development, the definition of what constitutes poverty also changes.
(ii) Poorest of the poor: In poor families all suffer, but some suffer more than others. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore, women, children (especially the girl child) and old people are the poorest of the poor.
(iii) Main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 20O5: The
main features of the Act are as follows :
(a) Provision for 100 days of assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts.
(b) One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women’
(c) Establishment of National Employment Guarantee Funds by the Central Government.
(d) Establishment of State Employment Guarantee Funds by state governments for implementation of the scheme.
(e) Under the programme if an applicant is not provided employment within fifteen days, she/he will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
(i) Human Poverty: Human poverty extends beyond income inadequacy, encompassing a lack of access to essential services crucial for a dignified life. It includes inadequate education, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and shelter, limiting individuals from fulfilling their potential and participating fully in society.
(ii) Poorest of the Poor: These are individuals facing extreme deprivation, lacking even basic necessities. They live on extremely low incomes, often marginalized, with limited access to education, healthcare, and other crucial services. Their circumstances make it exceptionally challenging to break free from poverty.
(iii) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (NREGA): NREGA ensures at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households volunteering for unskilled manual labor. It guarantees minimum wages, empowers women with a one-third employment share, adopts a demand-driven approach, includes social audits for transparency, and focuses on creating rural infrastructure. NREGA aims to provide livelihood security, empower rural households, and enhance rural development through employment generation and asset creation, ultimately reducing poverty in rural areas.