All of the options are true regarding Shivaji’s land revenue system. He set the initial tax at 33%, later raising it to 40%. He opposed intermediaries like Zamindars and adopted the Ryotwari system (direct collection from the cultivators). He also ...
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The historian who passionately called Akbar an “enemy of Islam” was Abdul Qadir Badauni. As a contemporary orthodox cleric, Badauni was bitterly opposed to Akbar’s religious policies, such as the Din-i-Ilahi and the cessation of traditional Islamic practices, which he ...
Alauddin Khalji’s rule is described as “Centralized Despotism” because he minimized noble power, introduced strict regulations, controlled markets, centralized revenue and asserted the Sultan’s authority above religious law. His policies curbed aristocratic influence and strengthened an absolute, highly centralized monarchy. ...
Abul Fazal wrote the biography of Akbar, known as the Akbarnama. It consists of three volumes—the first two narrate Akbar’s life and reign, while the third, Ain-i-Akbari, describes his administration. This work is one of the most authentic historical records ...
Jalaluddin’s reign saw diverse incidents: accommodation or settlement of converted Mongols near Delhi, conspiracies and local rebellions and various political intrigues (including the Sidi Maula episode). Though some events overlap with neighbouring reigns, the cited incidents are generally associated with ...