Subhas Chandra Bose first addressed Mahatma Gandhi as the ‘Father of the Nation’ (Rashtrapita) in a radio address from Singapore in July 1944. Despite their significant tactical and ideological differences regarding the use of force, Bose held deep personal respect ...
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The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946 saw Indian sailors revolting against racial discrimination and poor conditions. Fearing that the rebellion would lead to widespread chaos and jeopardize the ongoing independence negotiations, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Muhammad Ali Jinnah ...
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar, Punjab, on April 13, 1919. A large, peaceful crowd had gathered to protest the Rowlatt Act and celebrate Baisakhi. Without warning, Brigadier-General Dyer blocked the only exit and ordered his troops to fire ...
British police officer John Saunders was shot dead by Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru in Lahore on December 17, 1928. The assassination was planned by the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, who ...
The British “Subsidiary Alliance” system was the most effective tool for dismantling Maratha power. By offering military protection to individual Maratha chiefs in exchange for control over their foreign policy and a British resident at their court, the British neutralized ...