Bajirao II, the son of Raghunath Rao, was the Peshwa during both the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars. His weak leadership, personal insecurities and constant intrigue against his own sardars led him to sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802) with ...
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Vishwas Rao, the young son and heir of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao and Sadashiv Rao Bhau, the Peshwa’s cousin and supreme commander, both perished on the battlefield of Panipat in 1761. Their deaths left the Maratha state leaderless at a critical ...
The port of Surat on the west coast was called ‘Bab-ul-Makkah’ (The Gate of Mecca) during the Mughal period. This title was given because it was the primary port from which Muslim pilgrims departed on their annual Hajj journey to ...
The historian who passionately called Akbar an “enemy of Islam” was Abdul Qadir Badauni. As a contemporary orthodox cleric, Badauni was bitterly opposed to Akbar’s religious policies, such as the Din-i-Ilahi and the cessation of traditional Islamic practices, which he ...
Alauddin Khalji’s rule is described as “Centralized Despotism” because he minimized noble power, introduced strict regulations, controlled markets, centralized revenue and asserted the Sultan’s authority above religious law. His policies curbed aristocratic influence and strengthened an absolute, highly centralized monarchy. ...