The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is located in Alaska, within Katmai National Park. It was formed during the massive 1912 eruption of the Novarupta volcano, which was the largest of the twentieth century. The valley was buried in deep ...
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Discovered by Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann in 1936, this discontinuity is the boundary between the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. She proved the inner core’s existence by showing that P-waves were being reflected and refracted by a ...
In some subduction zones, earthquakes occur in two distinct, parallel layers within the sinking plate, separated by 10–20 km. This “Double Benioff Zone” is thought to be caused by the dehydration of minerals and the internal bending stresses of the ...
A Dike is a type of intrusive (plutonic) volcanic landform. It is formed when magma forces its way vertically or sub-vertically through existing rock layers and solidifies. Unlike a sill, which is horizontal and parallel to rock layers, a dike ...
The scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planet-like bodies is called Seismology. Experts in this field, known as seismologists, use data from tremors to map the Earth’s interior and assess the ...