A Lahar is a devastating volcanic hazard consisting of a mudflow of ash, rock debris and water. These flows occur when heavy rain, melting glaciers or displaced crater lakes mix with loose volcanic material. Lahars move at high speeds down ...
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The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Alaska earned its name from the thousands of fumaroles (steam vents) that emerged after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta. These vents released hot volcanic gases and steam from the thick ash deposits. While ...