Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is the gas responsible for global cooling after major eruptions. When injected into the stratosphere, it reacts with water vapor to form sulfate aerosols. These aerosols create a reflective veil that scatters incoming solar radiation back into ...
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Stromboli, located in the Aeolian Islands of Italy, is known as the “Lighthouse of the Mediterranean.” It has been in a state of nearly continuous eruption for over 2,000 years. Its regular, glowing bursts of lava are visible from long ...
The Hawaiian Islands are entirely volcanic and located over a hotspot. Unlike most volcanoes, these are not at plate boundaries. Instead, a stationary mantle plume provides a constant source of heat and magma. As the Pacific Plate moves slowly over ...
The “Ring of Fire” is primarily caused by convergent plate boundaries, specifically subduction zones. Here, denser oceanic plates slide beneath lighter continental or oceanic plates. This process melts the mantle, generating magma that rises to form volcanic arcs. Consequently, the ...