Geysers and hot springs are most common in areas of recent volcanic activity where magma remains close to the surface. These geothermal features require a heat source to warm groundwater. When the water is under pressure in constricted underground plumbing, ...
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The Hawaiian Islands are entirely volcanic and located over a hotspot. Unlike most volcanoes, these are not at plate boundaries. Instead, a stationary mantle plume provides a constant source of heat and magma. As the Pacific Plate moves slowly over ...
Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a classic divergent plate boundary. Here, the North American and Eurasian plates are pulling apart. As the plates separate, magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap, creating new oceanic crust through ...