The Maratha dynasty rulers collected the tax known as ‘Chauth’. This levy, amounting to one-fourth (25%) of the revenue, was demanded from territories outside the Maratha kingdom’s direct control. It was both a major source of income and a de ...
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Abdul Hamid Lahori was the official court historian during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. He authored the ‘Padshahnama’ (Chronicle of the King of the World), which serves as the most important primary source for the history of the first ...
Mughal painting reached its peak during Jahangir’s reign. He had a deep interest in nature, portraits, birds, animals and delicate artistic details. Under his patronage, painters developed realism, fine shading, naturalistic figures and vibrant colours. His atelier produced some of ...
The Bahmani breakaway in the Deccan (forming in 1347) resulted from grievances by nobles and local leaders during the dislocations of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign — his policies and administrative experiments contributed to rebellions that opened the way for the ...
Upon ascending the throne Muhammad bin Tughlaq took several honorifics; Abul Mujahid (or similar laqab forms) is recorded among his adopted titulature to memorialise his authority and military-religious role as ruler. Such laqabs were conventional expressions of royal identity. Answer: ...