Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is the most detailed and reliable account of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s administrative failures. Barani criticizes his experiments such as token currency, capital shift and harsh taxation. The text provides firsthand insight into the Sultan’s ambitious but ...
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Alauddin Khalji’s birth name was Ali Gurshasp. He adopted the title “Alauddin” after rising to power. His early life and military experiences shaped his ambition and he later became one of the most powerful rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, known ...
Genghis Khan told the leaders of a city he conquered, “I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you”. His Mongol armies were often seen ...
Ghazi Malik, who served under Alauddin Khalji, later became the first ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. After establishing control, he took the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and founded the new ruling house in Delhi. His rise marked the end of the ...
The statement, “The Second Battle of Tarain should be considered the decisive battle that ensured the fundamental success of the Muslims in India. Subsequent invasions were merely its consequences,” is attributed to historian Ishwari Prasad. This battle (1192 CE) was ...