Iltutmish secured formal recognition from the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad — a manshur (grant/letter) that legitimized his rule. This investiture was an important symbol of Islamic political legitimacy, giving Iltutmish religious sanction and enhancing his prestige among contemporaries and rival ...
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Mahmud Ghaznavi issued silver coins with Sanskrit inscriptions to gain acceptance from the Indian population after conquering parts of North India. Sanskrit was the language of scholars and temples, so using it helped strengthen his authority and create familiarity with ...
The statement, “The Second Battle of Tarain should be considered the decisive battle that ensured the fundamental success of the Muslims in India. Subsequent invasions were merely its consequences,” is attributed to historian Ishwari Prasad. This battle (1192 CE) was ...