Shivaji was most profoundly influenced by his mother, Jijabai. A highly devout and principled woman, Jijabai instilled in him the ideals of righteous governance, Hindu self-rule (Swaraj) and justice. She was his first guardian and political mentor, providing the moral ...
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Shivaji appeared at Aurangzeb’s court in Agra in 1666 AD. This visit was a consequence of the Treaty of Purandar (1665), where he was compelled to accept Mughal service. Shivaji’s subsequent confinement and spectacular escape cemented his status as a ...
Mewar was the only major state in Rajputana that consistently refused to accept the sovereignty of Akbar. Its ruler, Rana Pratap Singh, fought relentlessly to maintain his independence, most famously at the Battle of Haldighati (1576). Mewar finally accepted Mughal ...
The Battle of Samugarh (May 1658) is considered the most decisive battle between Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb. Fought near Agra, Aurangzeb’s superior generalship and Dara’s tactical errors resulted in a crushing defeat for Dara. This victory gave Aurangzeb immediate control ...
Akbar’s main objective in the Battle of Haldighati (1576) was unequivocally to bring Rana Pratap under his control. Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar was the sole major Rajput ruler who refused to submit to Mughal authority. Akbar considered his submission ...