Shivaji was most profoundly influenced by his mother, Jijabai. A highly devout and principled woman, Jijabai instilled in him the ideals of righteous governance, Hindu self-rule (Swaraj) and justice. She was his first guardian and political mentor, providing the moral ...
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Shivaji appeared at Aurangzeb’s court in Agra in 1666 AD. This visit was a consequence of the Treaty of Purandar (1665), where he was compelled to accept Mughal service. Shivaji’s subsequent confinement and spectacular escape cemented his status as a ...
Balaji Vishwanath is called the Second Founder of the Maratha State because he revived Maratha power after years of Mughal pressure and internal disorder. As the first effective Peshwa, he stabilized administration, negotiated important treaties with the Mughals, secured Chauth ...
The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah in Agra was commissioned by Empress Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg (who held the title Itmad-ud-Daulah), between 1622 and 1628. This monument is celebrated as the earliest example of a purely white marble ...
The correct sequence of the major battles in the War of Succession (1658-1659) is: Bahadurpur (Shuja vs. Dara’s forces, Feb 1658), Dharmat (Aurangzeb/Murad vs. Imperial, Apr 1658), Samugarh (Aurangzeb vs. Dara, May 1658), Khajwa (Aurangzeb vs. Shuja, Jan 1659) and ...