The Pelean type is the most explosive due to its extremely viscous magma. This thick lava often blocks the volcanic vent, creating immense pressure from trapped gases. When the pressure finally overcomes the blockage, it results in a massive explosion ...
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While water vapor makes up the majority (up to 90%) of volcanic gases, the remaining significant components are Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N2). Smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide are also common. These gases ...
Volcanoes are classified into three types based on frequency: Active, Dormant and Extinct. A Composite volcano (or stratovolcano) is a classification based on structure and shape, not frequency. It refers to a volcano built up by many layers of hardened ...
Attenuation is the weakening of seismic waves as they move away from the source. This happens because the energy spreads over a larger area (geometric spreading) and is absorbed by the rocks (frictional heating). High-frequency waves attenuate faster than low-frequency ...
The Asthenosphere, located just below the lithosphere, is a “Low Velocity Zone” because the rocks there are near their melting point and are slightly plastic. This semi-fluid state causes seismic waves, especially S-waves, to slow down as they enter this ...