The Muslim ruler whose gold coins bore the image of Goddess Lakshmi was Muhammad Ghori (Mu’izzuddin Muhammad ibn Sam). Issued after his conquests in northern India, this practice maintained a familiar local tradition to ensure the currency’s ready acceptance among ...
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Alauddin Khalji implemented tight, centralising regulations — his “Four Ordinances” included confiscatory measures, a sophisticated intelligence/spy system, prohibition of public alcohol in the capital and curbs on nobles’ social gatherings — all aimed at breaking aristocratic power and tightening royal ...
Iltutmish is credited with pioneering early Sultanate tomb architecture and building the tomb of his son, Nasiruddin Mahmud, at Sultan Garhi near Delhi. His constructions blended indigenous and Islamic motifs and set architectural precedents for later monumental tomb-building in medieval ...
Tughlaqnama was written by the celebrated poet and court scholar Amir Khusro during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. It narrates the Sultan’s rise, his early conquests and the establishment of the Tughlaq dynasty. Written in Persian poetic style, the work ...
The Delhi Sultanate declined due to weak central administration, repeated internal conflicts and Timur’s destructive invasion. Additionally, the lack of a clear annexation or succession policy weakened political stability. The rise of composite culture did not harm the Sultanate; rather, ...