Abbas Khan Sarwani, a contemporary Afghan historian, made this famous statement. This quote, found in his ‘Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi’, highlights the legendary severity and effectiveness of Sher Shah’s village administration, particularly his commitment to ensuring public safety and order by severely ...
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Kandahar permanently slipped out of the hands of the Mughals during the reign of Shah Jahan. Despite numerous campaigns, the city was finally and conclusively seized by the Safavid Persians in 1649. The subsequent Mughal efforts under Aurangzeb to reclaim ...
Ain-i-Akbari was written by Abul Fazal, Akbar’s court historian. It is an administrative and statistical record of Akbar’s empire. The book describes revenue systems, military organization, social customs, religions and imperial departments. It forms the third part of the Akbarnama ...
Babur entered India through Punjab in 1526. After crossing the Indus River, he moved toward Lahore and then advanced to Panipat. Punjab served as the gateway for many Central Asian invaders and was crucial for Babur’s march toward the Delhi ...
The Battle of Khanwa (1527) was the most decisive for Mughal consolidation. While Panipat established Mughal rule by defeating the Lodi Sultanate, Khanwa crushed the powerful Rajput Confederacy under Rana Sanga. This victory neutralized the strongest indigenous threat to Babur, ...