The Third Battle of Panipat (1761 AD) was fought between the forces of the Maratha Confederacy (under the nominal control of Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao) and the invading Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Marathas suffered a crushing defeat, ...
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After the chaos following Sambhaji’s death, Balaji Vishwanath, the first of the great Peshwas, made the Maratha administration simple and effective. Appointed by Shahu in 1713, he stabilized the revenue system, gained the allegiance of Maratha Sardars and centralized power, ...
Sher Shah Suri started the land revenue practice of ‘Patta’ and ‘Qabuliyat’. The Patta was the written document given to the peasant detailing the land area and the tax amount due and the Qabuliyat was the written agreement signed by ...
The Battle of Samugarh (May 1658) is considered the most decisive battle between Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb. Fought near Agra, Aurangzeb’s superior generalship and Dara’s tactical errors resulted in a crushing defeat for Dara. This victory gave Aurangzeb immediate control ...
The first clear synthesis of Indo-Iranian (Persian) architecture is seen in Sher Shah’s Tomb at Sasaram, completed around 1545. Built atop a vast plinth in the middle of a lake, it combines the imposing dome and octagonal structure of Persian ...