Fawazil referred to surplus revenues or extra money that iqtadars (holders of land grants) were expected to deposit to the royal treasury beyond their allowances. It signified a surplus yield or additional income channelled to the state, helping rulers augment ...
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The Khalisa land or crown land, developed significantly under Sultan Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316). He expanded it by confiscating nobles’ grants and abolishing Iqtas in the fertile Doab region. This centralization provided a massive, direct revenue base for his large standing ...
Muhammad Ghori or Muhammad bin Sam, belonged to the Shansbani (Ghurid) dynasty of Afghanistan. The Ghurids rose after the decline of the Ghaznavids. Ghori was neither a Ghaznavid nor a member of the Ghulam or Khilji dynasties. His conquests paved ...