The Sisodia dynasty of Mewar, led by Maharana Pratap, did not surrender to Akbar. While most Rajput rulers accepted Akbar’s alliance or submitted to Mughal authority, the Sisodias resisted fiercely. Maharana Pratap’s struggle, especially at Haldighati, symbolized Rajput pride, independence ...
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The Sultan of Delhi who imposed the Jaziya (a tax on non-Muslims) on Brahmins was Firoz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388). Previously, Brahmins were traditionally exempted from this tax, but Firoz Shah, known for his strict orthodox policies, made the imposition ...
Pratap Rudradeva of Warangal presented the famous Kohinoor diamond to Malik Kafur after his defeat. Kafur then offered it to Alauddin Khalji as part of the war booty. This tribute symbolized the submission of Warangal and showcased the immense wealth ...
Iltutmish organized the Turkan-e-Chihalgani (the “Group of Forty”), a council of forty powerful Turkish nobles and military leaders. This group effectively controlled political and military decision-making for a time, reflecting the influence of the Turkish soldiery in the early Sultanate ...
Mongol incursions into northwestern India occurred during Iltutmish’s period (early 13th century). The Mongol advance under Genghis Khan’s generals threatened the northwestern frontiers, compelling Iltutmish to strengthen frontier defenses and manage refugee flows. Although Genghis Khan’s main thrust bypassed deep ...