The Battle of Khanwa (1527) was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga. Before the battle, Babur invoked “Jihad” to motivate his army, abolished the Tamgha tax and later assumed the title “Ghazi” after victory. This battle strengthened Mughal authority in ...
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The Sisodia dynasty of Mewar, led by Maharana Pratap, did not surrender to Akbar. While most Rajput rulers accepted Akbar’s alliance or submitted to Mughal authority, the Sisodias resisted fiercely. Maharana Pratap’s struggle, especially at Haldighati, symbolized Rajput pride, independence ...
The Sultan of Delhi who imposed the Jaziya (a tax on non-Muslims) on Brahmins was Firoz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388). Previously, Brahmins were traditionally exempted from this tax, but Firoz Shah, known for his strict orthodox policies, made the imposition ...
Alauddin Khalji kept Ramachandra of Devagiri in Delhi for six months after his submission. Impressed by his loyalty, Alauddin bestowed upon him the title “Rai Rayaan” and allowed him to rule Devagiri as a vassal. Alauddin also annexed the Navsari ...
Mongol incursions into northwestern India occurred during Iltutmish’s period (early 13th century). The Mongol advance under Genghis Khan’s generals threatened the northwestern frontiers, compelling Iltutmish to strengthen frontier defenses and manage refugee flows. Although Genghis Khan’s main thrust bypassed deep ...