Akbar’s guardian was Bairam Khan, a loyal general of Humayun. After Humayun’s death, Bairam Khan protected the young Akbar, handled administration and led the Mughal army. He secured early victories, particularly the Second Battle of Panipat, which ensured Akbar’s throne ...
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Alauddin Khalji introduced strict military controls — including Daag (branding horses) and Huliya (soldier identifiers) — to prevent theft, verify service and maintain a dependable, accountable cavalry. These measures helped professionalise the army and reduce fraud and desertion. ANSWER: (B) ...
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the first Sultan to inscribe the title “Naib-i-Khilafat” or “Vice-Chancellor of the Caliph” on his coins. This reflected his desire to gain religious legitimacy from the Abbasid Caliph and assert his authority. The inscription strengthened his ...