To create a reliable, centrally controlled army, Alauddin Khalji shifted military remuneration away from land grants (which created independent nobles) and moved toward cash salaries, which made soldiers directly dependent on state payroll and less likely to form autonomous power ...
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Imamuddin Raihan was Balban’s strongest rival in the Delhi Sultanate court during Nasiruddin Mahmud’s reign. Raihan, an influential non-Turkish noble, challenged the dominance of Balban and the Turkish nobles. His growing influence threatened Balban’s position, leading to intense political conflict. ...
Alauddin Khalji called himself “Sikander-i-Sani” or “Alexander II” to project his military power and ambition. Like Alexander the Great, he aimed to conquer vast territories and establish an unchallenged empire. The title highlighted his victories in Gujarat, Ranthambore, Chittor and ...
Zafar Khan was one of Alauddin Khalji’s most courageous generals, known for his aggressive tactics against Mongol invasions. He died heroically in the Battle of Kili (1299), where he attacked the Mongol forces without waiting for royal orders. His bravery ...
Firoz Tughlaq introduced welfare-oriented policies, including providing employment to the unemployed. He organised large public works—canals, gardens, buildings—and absorbed many jobless people into these projects. Through state-funded employment schemes, he aimed to reduce social distress and maintain stability. His approach ...