The ‘Dahsala settlement’ (or Bandobast system) is directly related to Raja Todar Mal, the capable Finance Minister of Emperor Akbar. Implemented in 1580, this revenue system fixed the land revenue based on the average produce and prices of the preceding ...
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Persian was the official language of the Mughal Empire. It was used in administration, court records, royal correspondence and literature. Persian influence shaped art, poetry, architecture and culture. Many Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, encouraged Persian scholars, ...
Babur introduced the Persian-style garden tradition with flowing water in India. Inspired by Timurid and Persian aesthetics, he built Charbagh gardens in Agra and other places. These gardens featured water channels, fountains, symmetry and greenery, symbolizing paradise. Babur’s love for ...
Firoz Shah Tughlaq reorganised certain fiscal and salary arrangements by moving away from direct cash salaries toward systems where military pay could be dispensed as rights to collect land revenue (wazeh) or via official money orders (itlaq), reflecting practical budgetary ...
Balban introduced the courtly practices of “sijda” (kneeling and bowing) and “pabos” (kissing the Sultan’s feet) to elevate the monarchy’s prestige. These rituals emphasized the Sultan’s divine authority and demanded complete obedience from nobles. Balban used them to strengthen absolutism ...