Prince Salim (later Emperor Jahangir) was the first Mughal prince to openly rebel and attempt to gain the throne while his father, Akbar, was alive. In 1599, he proclaimed himself emperor in Allahabad. His rebellion was a major stressor for ...
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Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system to organize administration and the army. Each officer (mansabdar) received a rank based on zat (personal status) and sawar (cavalry). The system ensured loyalty, efficient revenue collection and a well-maintained military. It became the backbone ...
Nadir Shah attacked Lahore, Karnal and then Delhi, where he massacred civilians and looted immense wealth including the Peacock Throne. However, he never attacked Kannauj. His invasion route focused on Punjab and Delhi, targeting key Mughal centers rather than older ...
Firoz Shah Tughlaq introduced the Haq-i-Sharb (aka Hasil-e-Sharb), an irrigation or water tax levied on lands irrigated by state canals. This was part of his larger programme of canal repair and irrigation projects, creating a revenue stream to maintain such ...
To create a reliable, centrally controlled army, Alauddin Khalji shifted military remuneration away from land grants (which created independent nobles) and moved toward cash salaries, which made soldiers directly dependent on state payroll and less likely to form autonomous power ...