The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced “Dyarchy” at the provincial level. This system divided provincial subjects into “Reserved” (controlled by the Governor) and “Transferred” (managed by Indian ministers). Lord Chelmsford, the then ...
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Subhas Chandra Bose gave the inspiring slogan ‘Delhi Chalo’ (March to Delhi) in July 1943 after taking command of the Indian National Army (INA) in Singapore. The slogan was a call to arms for his soldiers to march toward the ...
Mahatma Gandhi first used the Satyagraha method in India at Champaran, Bihar, in 1917. Invited by Raj Kumar Shukla, he protested against the exploitative Tinkathia system, where peasants were forced to grow indigo. This successful non-violent intervention forced the British ...
Bajirao I revolutionized Maratha warfare by prioritizing speed and mobility over heavy equipment. His “light cavalry” could travel vast distances in short periods, allowing him to outmaneuver the slow-moving, artillery-heavy Mughal armies. This tactical advantage enabled him to strike deep ...
Mahadaji Scindia was the first major Maratha leader to realize that traditional guerrilla tactics were insufficient against modern European armies. He hired European mercenaries, most notably the Frenchman Benoit de Boigne, to raise and train elite “Compagnies d’Infanterie” equipped with ...