The ‘Ashtapradhan’ (Council of Eight Ministers) existed during the reign of Shivaji. This council was his advisory body, assisting him in the administration of the newly formed state. Unlike later administrations, the ministers were advisory and subordinate to the Chhatrapati, ...
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Shivaji was born at the Shivneri Fort near Junnar in 1630 AD. The fort was a secure stronghold in the Pune region, which was part of his father Shahaji’s Jagir. His early life and training under his mother Jijabai and ...
Chauth was a tax levied by Shivaji on neighbouring Mughal territories or states not under direct Maratha rule. It represented one-fourth (25%) of the revenue. It was essentially protection money—paid in exchange for a Maratha guarantee not to plunder the ...
Shah Jahan gave the titles ‘Shah Iqbal’ (King of Fortune) and ‘Shah Buland’ (Exalted King) to his eldest and favorite son, Dara Shikoh. These titles signified Shah Jahan’s public declaration of Dara as his chosen heir apparent. This clear favoritism, ...
The finest and most representative buildings constructed by Emperor Akbar are found at Fatehpur Sikri, his temporary capital built between 1569 and 1585. These structures, including the Panch Mahal and the Buland Darwaza, showcase a unique blend of Persian, Hindu ...