In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan (Council of Eight Ministers), the Peshwa was the Prime Minister. He was the chief executive officer of the state, serving as the head of the civil and military administration and representing the King in his absence. This ...
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The ‘Akbarnama’ (Book of Akbar) was written by Abul Fazl, Emperor Akbar’s close friend and chief court chronicler. This massive, detailed history of Akbar’s reign is composed in elegant Persian and is divided into three volumes, with the third volume ...
Shah Jahan gave the titles ‘Shah Iqbal’ (King of Fortune) and ‘Shah Buland’ (Exalted King) to his eldest and favorite son, Dara Shikoh. These titles signified Shah Jahan’s public declaration of Dara as his chosen heir apparent. This clear favoritism, ...
The fact that Akbar renounced Islam is false and therefore does not support his image as a ‘national emperor’. His foundation of the Din-i-Ilahi and his religious policy, administrative unity and cultural outreach all aimed at unifying diverse groups, which ...
Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khana, a Mughal noble and poet, made the most significant contribution to Hindi literature. He was a polyglot who wrote many popular dohas (couplets) and other poems primarily in Braj Bhasha and Awadhi, earning him a permanent and ...