Malik Kafur led Alauddin Khalji’s southern campaigns and sequentially defeated Devagiri, Warangal, Hoysala and Madurai. These victories expanded the Sultanate’s influence deep into South India. The campaign brought enormous wealth, including tribute, elephants, horses and precious jewels, strengthening Alauddin’s empire ...
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Nasiruddin Mahmud (the later Tughlaq scion) is generally reckoned among the last rulers associated with the Tughlaq line in Delhi before the dynasty’s decline and replacement by Timurids and Sayyids. His weak rule and the chaotic political environment marked the ...
Timur invaded India in 1398 during the nominal reign of Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq, though actual power lay with his father, Sultan Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The Tughlaq dynasty was already weak, making Delhi an easy target. Timur plundered the city brutally ...
Muhammad Ghori’s most significant Indian invasion was the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192. This battle marked a decisive victory over Prithviraj Chauhan and paved the way for Muslim political dominance in northern India. Ghori’s triumph broke major Rajput resistance ...