Abul Fazl, Akbar’s chief intellectual architect and court historian, called him ‘Zill-e-Ilahi’ (Shadow of God) and ‘Farr-e-Izdi’ (Light emanating from God). These titles were central to Abul Fazl’s formulation of the theory of divine light (Farr-i-Izidi), which argued that the ...
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The Battle of Chausa (1539) was the decisive battle after which Sher Khan assumed the title ‘Sher Shah Alam ul Adil’ (King Lion, Just King of the World). This victory was catastrophic for Humayun, establishing Sher Khan as a serious ...
Abul Fazl, Akbar’s close friend and chief advisor, was assassinated in 1602 on the orders of Prince Salim (later Emperor Jahangir). The assassination was carried out by the Bundela chieftain Vir Singh Bundela. Salim orchestrated the attack to remove Abul ...
Balban introduced the practice of “viewing the royal canopy” to enhance royal dignity and emphasize the divine aura of kingship. The ceremonial canopy symbolized supreme authority. Nobles viewed it from a respectful distance, reinforcing Balban’s strict court etiquette and strengthening ...
Akbar condemned the practice of Sati and took steps to discourage it. He prohibited forced Sati and ensured widows were not pressured by relatives. His reforms aimed at protecting women’s rights and promoting social welfare, reflecting his broader policy of ...