Firoz Shah Tughlaq simplified the fiscal regime, reducing multiplicity of levies and structuring taxation around a limited set of recognised, Sharia-sanctioned contributions (Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya, Khums), thereby replacing many arbitrary or multiple impositions previously suffered by the populace. Answer: (B) ...
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Balban introduced the courtly practices of “sijda” (kneeling and bowing) and “pabos” (kissing the Sultan’s feet) to elevate the monarchy’s prestige. These rituals emphasized the Sultan’s divine authority and demanded complete obedience from nobles. Balban used them to strengthen absolutism ...
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known as Jauna Khan (or Juna Khan) before his accession. He took the regnal name Muhammad bin Tughlaq upon becoming Sultan in 1325; earlier chronicles refer to him by his pre-accession name, Jauna Khan. ANSWER: (C) ...
The sitar is considered the finest blend of Hindu and Muslim musical traditions. It evolved during the medieval period from instruments like the veena and Persian setar. With a long neck, sympathetic strings and unique tonal qualities, the sitar symbolizes ...
Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, initially made Lahore his capital. Although he controlled Delhi as well, Lahore served as his administrative centre due to its strategic importance and existing Ghurid base. After Aibak’s death, his successors gradually ...