The European traveler Peter Mundy, an English merchant and writer, came to India during the reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1658). He provided valuable first-hand accounts of the Mughal court and the devastating Deccan famine of 1630–1632. Hawkins and Roe visited ...
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Emperor Akbar established the new, centralized administrative post of ‘Diwan-e-Wizarat-e-Kul’. This office was the head of the entire revenue and finance administration, primarily held by Raja Todar Mal. The creation of this single, powerful post solidified financial control and ensured ...
Sher Shah established the Second Afghan Empire (the Sur dynasty) in Delhi after winning the Battle of Kannauj (or Bilgram) in 1540. This victory against Humayun was conclusive, forcing the Mughal emperor into fifteen years of exile. Sher Shah then ...
The Battle of Chausa (1539) was the decisive battle after which Sher Khan assumed the title ‘Sher Shah Alam ul Adil’ (King Lion, Just King of the World). This victory was catastrophic for Humayun, establishing Sher Khan as a serious ...
Abul Fazl, Akbar’s close friend and chief advisor, was assassinated in 1602 on the orders of Prince Salim (later Emperor Jahangir). The assassination was carried out by the Bundela chieftain Vir Singh Bundela. Salim orchestrated the attack to remove Abul ...