The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 AD between Muhammad Ghori and the Rajput ruler Prithviraj Chauhan. In this battle, Prithviraj defeated Ghori’s forces decisively. Tarain became a major battleground for control over North India, setting the stage ...
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Firdausi, author of the epic Shahnama, was not part of Mahmud Ghaznavi’s Indian expeditions. Though he lived during Mahmud’s time, he worked mainly in Persia. The historians who actually documented Mahmud’s rule were Alberuni (Kitab-ul-Hind), Utbi (Tarikh-i-Yamini), and Vaihaki (Tarikh-i-Subuktagin). ...
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s first invasion of India targeted the Hindu Shahi or Brahmansahi kingdom ruled by Jaipal. This region controlled the frontier areas of Punjab and blocked access to the Indian plains. Defeating Jaipal allowed Mahmud to consolidate his position and ...