Udham Singh assassinated Michael O’Dwyer in London on March 13, 1940. O’Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre and had publicly supported General Dyer’s actions. Udham Singh, who had witnessed the massacre as a ...
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Mahatma Gandhi first used the Satyagraha method in India at Champaran, Bihar, in 1917. Invited by Raj Kumar Shukla, he protested against the exploitative Tinkathia system, where peasants were forced to grow indigo. This successful non-violent intervention forced the British ...
At Panipat, the Maratha army was a collection of individual contingents rather than a unified force. Sadashivrao Bhau lacked the absolute authority to command veteran chiefs like Malharrao Holkar, who often disagreed with his tactics. This lack of a “centralized ...