Mahatma Gandhi termed the Rowlatt Act of 1919 the ‘Black Law.’ This legislation allowed the British government to imprison any person suspected of “terrorist” activities for up to two years without a trial. Gandhi condemned it as a “negation of ...
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On August 15, 1947, while the rest of India celebrated independence, Mahatma Gandhi was in Kolkata (then Calcutta). He was on a mission to quell the horrific communal riots that had broken out following the announcement of partition. Instead of ...
Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari presided over the All Parties Conference held in Lucknow in August 1928, where the Nehru Report was formally presented and discussed. While the report itself was drafted by a committee chaired by Motilal Nehru, Dr. Ansari’s ...
While Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer was the field officer who physically ordered the troops to fire, Michael O’Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab who sanctioned the harsh repressive measures. O’Dwyer fully supported Dyer’s actions, calling them “correct” and “justified” to ...
The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced “Dyarchy” at the provincial level. This system divided provincial subjects into “Reserved” (controlled by the Governor) and “Transferred” (managed by Indian ministers). Lord Chelmsford, the then ...