Earth’s atmosphere protects life by blocking harmful solar radiation, regulating temperature, and containing oxygen for respiration. It also acts as a shield against meteoroids and space debris, preventing them from reaching the surface.
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Decantation relies on gravity to separate components with different densities. By slowly pouring off the top layer, the heavier sediment remains at the bottom, allowing the lighter liquid to be separated.
Common home separation methods include filtering, sieving, and centrifugation. For instance, using a sieve to separate flour from lumps or a coffee filter to separate coffee grounds from liquid are everyday examples.
A fractionating column enhances distillation by providing multiple condensation and vaporization stages, improving the separation of components with closer boiling points. This results in a more efficient and purer separation of substances.
Simple distillation is used for separating liquids with significantly different boiling points, while fractional distillation is for liquids with closer boiling points, using a fractionating column to improve separation efficiency.