When Aurangzeb died in 1707, the Maratha resistance was led by Maharani Tarabai, the widow of Rajaram. She ruled as regent for her young son, Shivaji II. Despite the loss of several forts and the capture of Shahu, Tarabai’s energetic ...
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The defining difference between the two systems was their approach to authority. The Mughal system was highly centralized, with power flowing strictly from the Emperor. In contrast, the Maratha system, particularly under the Peshwas, was inherently decentralized. Regional chiefs held ...
The Battle of Samugarh (May 1658) is considered the most decisive battle between Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb. Fought near Agra, Aurangzeb’s superior generalship and Dara’s tactical errors resulted in a crushing defeat for Dara. This victory gave Aurangzeb immediate control ...
The port of Surat on the west coast was called ‘Bab-ul-Makkah’ (The Gate of Mecca) during the Mughal period. This title was given because it was the primary port from which Muslim pilgrims departed on their annual Hajj journey to ...