Mahmud’s invasion of the Somnath Temple is considered his most significant attack because the temple was extremely wealthy and held great religious importance. The massive loot taken from Somnath greatly increased his treasury. This campaign also enhanced his reputation as ...
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In the 13th century Delhi Sultanate, the Sipahsalar was the highest-ranking military commander. He was responsible for leading armies, planning campaigns, and advising the Sultan on defence matters. The position carried immense authority and influence. Many powerful nobles rose to ...
Lahore became a major centre of Persian art, culture and literature due to Mahmud Ghaznavi’s influence. Persian administrators, scholars and poets migrated there, introducing Persian styles in architecture, language and learning. Lahore later developed into an important cultural hub that ...
Mahmud Ghaznavi belonged to the Yamini dynasty, named after his title “Yamin ud Daula.” His father Sabuktigin founded this dynasty. Under Mahmud, the dynasty expanded its territories in Central Asia, Afghanistan and parts of Punjab. The Yamini rulers played a ...
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s first invasion of India targeted the Hindu Shahi or Brahmansahi kingdom ruled by Jaipal. This region controlled the frontier areas of Punjab and blocked access to the Indian plains. Defeating Jaipal allowed Mahmud to consolidate his position and ...