“Inam” land grants were awarded mainly to scholars, religious leaders, and learned individuals as a reward for their services. These grants were usually tax-free and were intended to support education, religious activities, and scholarship. The beneficiaries were expected to use ...
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Razia Sultan was the daughter of Iltutmish, the most capable ruler of the Slave Dynasty. Recognizing her talent, Iltutmish nominated her as his successor, breaking the traditional preference for male rulers. Razia became the first and only woman ruler of ...
Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Slave Dynasty, died in 1210 AD while playing Chaugan (polo) at Lahore. He fell from his horse during the game and suffered severe injuries. His sudden death ended his short reign, after which his ...
Persian was the official court language of the Delhi Sultanate. It was used for administration, literature, royal correspondence, and maintaining state records. Persian cultural influence shaped the art, architecture, and writing traditions of the period. Over time, Persian blended with ...
Alberuni, a brilliant Persian scholar who accompanied Mahmud, wrote Kitab ul-Hind, an extraordinary study of Indian culture, religion, science, and social systems. His work is one of the earliest scientific and objective accounts of India. Alberuni’s detailed observations make this ...