Enlargement of the Thyroid gland occurs in Goitre, a disease caused by iodine deficiency. Lack of sufficient iodine disrupts thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to thyroid gland enlargement in an attempt to compensate for decreased hormone production.
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Iodine deficiency primarily leads to Goiter, the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid cannot produce enough thyroid hormones, resulting in this condition.