Razia Sultan was the daughter of Iltutmish, the most capable ruler of the Slave Dynasty. Recognizing her talent, Iltutmish nominated her as his successor, breaking the traditional preference for male rulers. Razia became the first and only woman ruler of ...
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Persian was the official court language of the Delhi Sultanate. It was used for administration, literature, royal correspondence, and maintaining state records. Persian cultural influence shaped the art, architecture, and writing traditions of the period. Over time, Persian blended with ...
Alberuni, a brilliant Persian scholar who accompanied Mahmud, wrote Kitab ul-Hind, an extraordinary study of Indian culture, religion, science, and social systems. His work is one of the earliest scientific and objective accounts of India. Alberuni’s detailed observations make this ...
Mahmud’s invasion of the Somnath Temple is considered his most significant attack because the temple was extremely wealthy and held great religious importance. The massive loot taken from Somnath greatly increased his treasury. This campaign also enhanced his reputation as ...
Iltutmish introduced the Iqtadari system to organize revenue collection and strengthen administration. Under this system, land was assigned to officials called Iqtadars, who collected revenue in return for maintaining troops. This arrangement helped centralize authority and provided the Sultanate with ...