From Fig. 6.40, the product of mass and acceleration at each plotted point equals a constant force of 10 N. The force-mass graph is a horizontal straight line parallel to the mass axis at 10 N.
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Yes, the boat moves backward away from the shore. By Newton’s third law of motion, when the sailor applies a backward force on the boat to leap forward, the boat recoils in the opposite direction.
The frictional force exerted by the floor is equal in magnitude to F and acts in the direction opposite to motion. Net force is zero because the table moves with a constant velocity.