Iltutmish recognised the Doab (the rich land between Ganga and Yamuna) as economically vital. He consolidated control over this agriculturally fertile region to secure revenue, supply lines and strategic depth. By prioritizing the Doab, Iltutmish strengthened the Sultanate’s fiscal base ...
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Alauddin Khalji was the first Sultan to maintain a large, permanent standing army directly under the state. He expanded it to protect India from Mongol invasions and enforce his administrative reforms. He paid soldiers in cash and introduced branding of ...