Kitab-ul-Hind, written by Alberuni, is called the “mirror of 11th-century India” because it accurately describes Indian society, religion, customs, sciences, geography and philosophy. Alberuni’s unbiased and scientific approach makes the book a reliable source for understanding India during Mahmud Ghaznavi’s ...
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Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder and first Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty. He established a disciplined administration, built the fortified city Tughlaqabad and worked to strengthen the empire’s economy. His reign marked a transition from the Khilji period’s aggressive expansion ...