The Maratha dynasty rulers collected the tax known as ‘Chauth’. This levy, amounting to one-fourth (25%) of the revenue, was demanded from territories outside the Maratha kingdom’s direct control. It was both a major source of income and a de ...
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Abdul Hamid Lahori was the official court historian during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. He authored the ‘Padshahnama’ (Chronicle of the King of the World), which serves as the most important primary source for the history of the first ...
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is the most authoritative contemporary source for Balban’s “Blood and Iron” policy. It provides detailed accounts of his strict administration, elimination of the Chahalgani, suppression of rebellions and establishment of harsh court rituals. Earlier sources like ...
The Grand Trunk Road originally expanded by Sher Shah Suri, connects Kolkata in the east to Amritsar in the north. It is one of Asia’s oldest and longest roads, historically linking major trade, military and cultural centers. This route helped ...
The first Muslim invasion of Southern India occurred in 1296 CE. The raid on Devagiri, the capital of the Yadava kingdom ruled by Ramchandra, took place during the reign of Jalaluddin Firoz Khalji. The expedition itself was secretly planned and ...