Muhammad Ghori left his loyal general Qutbuddin Aibak to manage newly conquered Indian territories. Aibak strengthened Muslim rule in North India and acted as Ghori’s representative. After Ghori’s death, he declared independence and founded the Slave Dynasty, becoming the first ...
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Firdausi, author of the epic Shahnama, was not part of Mahmud Ghaznavi’s Indian expeditions. Though he lived during Mahmud’s time, he worked mainly in Persia. The historians who actually documented Mahmud’s rule were Alberuni (Kitab-ul-Hind), Utbi (Tarikh-i-Yamini), and Vaihaki (Tarikh-i-Subuktagin). ...
Jaipal, the Hindu Shahi ruler, committed suicide out of shame after suffering repeated defeats by the Turks, especially Mahmud Ghaznavi. He felt dishonoured despite paying huge tributes. Unable to bear the humiliation, he immolated himself. His death marked a turning ...